Market brief
United Arab Emirates
The authorities that procure water infrastructure in United Arab Emirates, how the deals are put together, and what is in the pipeline.
Reference profile for United Arab EmiratesOverview
The United Arab Emirates is a set of emirate-level single buyers with a mature independent-producer model. EWEC procures water and power for Abu Dhabi, while DEWA, SEWA and EtihadWE procure separately for Dubai, Sharjah and the northern emirates.1 2 3 4 Abu Dhabi plants are greenfield reverse-osmosis projects under 30-year water purchase agreements with EWEC, in which the developer owns up to 40% and the Abu Dhabi government, indirectly, most of the rest.5 1 The register tracks 29 schemes with US$ 23.2 bn of disclosed value, US$ 10.5 bn of it in projects not yet operating.6 The funnel is published: for Saadiyat Island, 41 companies and consortia expressed interest, 19 qualified and four submitted proposals.7 Mirfa 2 closed at 78% debt.1 In-country value certification counts for 40% of the financial evaluation, and a missing certificate scores zero.8
Market snapshot
The commercial picture in United Arab Emirates: the scale of the economy and the water sector, the investment climate, and where the near-term activity is concentrated.
Political stability
World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators score, 0–100 (absolute scale), 2025. Political stability; higher is more stable.9
Investment climate
World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators score, 0–100 (absolute scale), 2025. Regulatory quality for private investment; higher is better.9
Key institutions
- Ministry of Energy & InfrastructureMinistry
- Emirate regulators (e.g. Abu Dhabi Department of Energy)Regulator
- DEWA (Dubai)Utility
- EWEC (Abu Dhabi)Single buyer and procurer
Financing & PPP
- PPP frameworkMature (large low-carbon RO IWPs, including projects with low-cost bids)
- Tracked projectsUS$ 23.2 bn disclosed value in our projects register, of which US$ 10.5 bn pipeline (not yet operating)
- Active fundersProject finance, Equity investors (Mubadala, TAQA)
- Climate adaptation planIn preparation (NAP roadmap launched at COP28, 2023)
Opportunities
- 01Record-low-cost solar RO
- 02Aquifer storage & recovery (Liwa)
- 03Treated-water reuse towards the 95% target of the UAE Water Security Strategy 2036
- 04Digital-twin water networks
Key challenges
- 01Extreme scarcity & high consumption
- 02Aquifer depletion
- 03Brine & Gulf salinity
- 04Energy nexus
Sources and notes
Sources: Water use by sector, total water withdrawal, supply by source, desalination and reuse shares: FAO AQUASTAT, 2023, FAO AQUASTAT Dissemination System, retrieved 7 October 2026. Population and GDP: World Bank WDI, latest year (shown on each tile). Other figures: FAO AQUASTAT / national reports, latest available, approximate. Governance indicators: World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicators (2025).
Contracting authorities
The bodies that commission, regulate and operate water infrastructure in United Arab Emirates. The federal Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure leads national water policy; emirate-level entities sign project offtakes, including EWEC in Abu Dhabi, DEWA in Dubai, SEWA in Sharjah and EtihadWE in the northern emirates;10 2 3 4 Abu Dhabi’s Department of Energy regulates prices and service standards.11
- Ministry of Energy & InfrastructureMinistry
- Abu Dhabi Department of EnergyRegulator
- Dubai Electricity & Water Authority (DEWA)Utility
- Etihad Water & Electricity (EtihadWE)Utility
- Sharjah Electricity, Water & Gas Authority (SEWA)Utility
- Emirates Water & Electricity Company (EWEC)PPP procurer
- Environment Agency – Abu Dhabi (EAD)Environment
- MasdarDeveloper / operator
- MetitoDeveloper / operator
- UticoDeveloper / operator
How deals are structured
The framework in United Arab Emirates is Mature (large low-carbon RO IWPs, including projects with low-cost bids), the schemes we track carry US$ 23.2 bn of disclosed value, US$ 10.5 bn of it in projects not yet operating, and the funders most active in the sector are Project finance, Equity investors (Mubadala, TAQA).
Delivery splits by asset class across the region: dams and trunk conveyance are mostly engineering contracts carried by sovereign or development-bank finance; bulk supply increasingly uses build-operate-transfer concessions against a long-term offtake; and distribution work is let as performance-based contracts paid against measured leakage reduction. The Finance & Economics hub sets out each model and where it has been used.
The projects register bears this out. Of the 29 tracked schemes in United Arab Emirates, 15 name a concession or independent-producer structure in the finance note; the rest record only where the money came from, which is not the same as saying they were not concessions.
How to bid
Abu Dhabi is a single-buyer market with a hard structural rule: the developer takes a minority stake by design. EWEC, formed in November 2018 and part of ADQ, states in its own invitations that the successful developer or consortium “will own up to 40 percent of the entity”, with the remainder primarily held indirectly by the Abu Dhabi government.5 1 The funnel is narrow and published: for the Saadiyat Island plant, 41 companies and consortia submitted expressions of interest, 19 qualified for the request for proposals, and four proposals arrived.7
| Procuring body | EWEC for Abu Dhabi, as sole procurer of water and power; DEWA, SEWA and EtihadWE procure separately for Dubai, Sharjah and the northern emirates.1 2 3 4 |
|---|---|
| Route | Expression of interest to a project mailbox, then a statement of qualification, then a request for proposals issued only to qualified bidders.5 7 |
| Equity | The successful developer or developer consortium will own up to 40% of the special purpose vehicle; the remaining equity will be held primarily and indirectly by the Abu Dhabi Government. The same clause appears in successive tenders.5 10 |
| Local content | In-country value certification, now unified as ICV 3.0 across the ADNOC and Abu Dhabi programmes, is required for government and semi-government procurement and accounts for 40% of the financial evaluation. A certificate is valid 14 months from the date of the financial statements it rests on, is issued by one of ten certifying bodies in three to fifteen working days, and an absent certificate scores zero.8 |
| Contract form and term | Development, financing, construction, ownership and operation of a greenfield plant against a 30-year water purchase agreement with EWEC.5 1 |
| Gearing | Mirfa 2 closed at 78% debt, with Abu Dhabi Islamic Bank, BNP Paribas Fortis, Sumitomo Mitsui, The Norinchukin Bank, BNP Paribas and KfW IPEX in the group.1 |
Regulatory intelligence
| Regulation | Status | Year | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water Security Strategy 2036 | In force | 2017 | Demand −21%, reuse 95%, emergency resilience targets. |
| Emirate IWP frameworks (EWEC/DEWA) | Active | — | Competitive tenders, with DEWA publishing winning bid figures. |
| Efficiency & green building codes | In force | — | Fixture and landscaping standards cutting demand. |
| Recycled-water policy (Abu Dhabi) | In force | — | Recycled-water policy in place (Abu Dhabi); Abu Dhabi City Municipality announced plans to replace landscape and streetscape irrigation with TSE by 2030. |
Frameworks vary by emirate; the primary references are each emirate's utility and regulator.
Projects
Tracked schemes in United Arab Emirates, largest first. Each has its own page with the parties, the finance and a dated history.
Sources and notes
Interactive map: switch views, hover or focus a marker, and use the +/− controls (or double-click, then drag) to zoom and pan. Geometry and data from the MENA Water Review library.
29 tracked in total. The full set, filterable, is in the major projects register.
Track record
Contracts on record in United Arab Emirates, from the awards log and the major projects register, dated by commissioning where known.
Disclosed value by year
US$ bn of tracked awards in United Arab Emirates carrying a published value
11 further awards in this sector have no value recorded in our register and are not in the chart.
| Year | Project | Winning firms | US$ m |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | Saadiyat RO IWP | Acciona developer | n/a |
| under construction | Al Hamriyah IWP | ACWA Power developer | 693 |
| 2024 on line | Taweelah RO IWP | ACWA Power developer | 907 |
| 2023 | Hassyan Seawater RO IWP | ACWA Power developer | 920 |
| 2023 | Mirfa 2 RO IWP | TAQA, ENGIE developer | 620 |
| 2023 | Shuweihat 4 RO IWP | TAQA, GS Inima developer | 444 |
| 2022 on line | Jebel Ali K-Station SWRO | Acciona, BESIX contractor | 244 |
| 2022 on line | Umm Al Quwain SWRO | ACWA Power developer | 797 |
| 2019 on line | Jebel Ali Sewage Treatment Plant | BESIX, Larsen & Toubro contractor | 500 |
| 2018 on line | Liwa Strategic Water Storage and Recovery | ACC, POSCO E&C contractor | 350 |
| 2017 on line | Mirfa 1 IWPP | ENGIE, Abu Dhabi Financial Group developer | 1,500 |
| 2017 on line | Strategic Tunnel Enhancement Programme (STEP) | Impregilo contractor | 1,900 |
| 2016 on line | Al Aweer Sewage Treatment Plant (phase 1 expansion) | Veolia contractor | 39 |
| 2013 on line | Jebel Ali M-Station | Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction, Fisia Italimpianti contractor | 2,764 |
Sources and notes
Years without a label are award years from the curated log; rows marked on line are dated by commissioning, from the projects register. Register rows without a commissioning date show their stage instead: awarded, with the year recorded, or under construction or operating, with no year. 26 rows in total for United Arab Emirates; the 14 most recent are shown.
Repeat winners
- ACWA Power4 tracked awards, as developer
- BESIX4 tracked awards, 2 as developer, 2 as contractor
- International Power3 tracked awards, as developer
- Marubeni3 tracked awards, as developer
- Veolia3 tracked awards, 2 as developer, 1 as contractor
- Acciona2 tracked awards, 1 as developer, 1 as contractor
Pipeline & tenders
Structured procurements and live tenders in United Arab Emirates, drawn from the same review that maintains the pipeline tracker.
Pipeline & awards
Tenders
Prices
What households pay
| Household tariff (US$/m³) | Cost of supply (US$/m³) | Year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| $0.57 – 3.06 | not published | 2026 | DEWA slab tariff (page updated 16 May 2026); TAQA Distribution, Utility Tariff 2025 and VAT FAQ (archived) |
TAQA (Abu Dhabi) residential rates US$0.57–2.83/m³; Dubai DEWA base slabs US$2.10–2.76/m³, up to US$3.06/m³ with the fuel surcharge, before VAT. Abu Dhabi, from 1 January 2025: UAE nationals pay AED 2.09 per 1,000 litres up to an average of 7,000 litres a day in a villa or 700 in a flat, and AED 2.60 above it; expatriates pay AED 7.84 up to 5,000 litres a day in a villa or 700 in a flat, and AED 10.41 above it. Social card holders get a free first band. These rates have applied since January 2017, and 5% VAT applies to water consumption. Dubai: AED 7.700/m³ for the first 27 m³ a month, AED 8.800 to 54 m³ and AED 10.120 above it, plus an AED 1.100/m³ fuel surcharge and 5% VAT. Converted at AED 3.6725 per US$.
Residential tariffs, and the cost of supply where a utility publishes it, are kept in one place for the whole region so the comparison holds: a tariff means little without the cost it is measured against.
Watch list
No dated items have been carried forward for United Arab Emirates yet. This section fills from the monthly briefings as they are published.
Sources
11 references
Project, pipeline and tender records are compiled from procurer announcements, lender disclosures and trade reporting; each project page carries its own source and the date it was last checked. Institutions are from the decision-maker directory. Economic and water indicators are cited on the reference profile.
- EWEC, financial closing of the Mirfa 2 reverse-osmosis plant, 1 June 2023.
- DEWA, DEWA selects preferred bidder for the Hassyan seawater reverse osmosis plant, August 2023.
- SEWA, SEWA and ACWA Power sign an agreement to establish Sharjah’s first independent water desalination plant, 4 September 2024.
- ACWA Power, Umm Al Quwain IWP (Etihad Water & Electricity as sole offtaker under a 35-year water purchase agreement).
- EWEC, invitation for expressions of interest, M2 reverse osmosis, 15 February 2021.
- MENA Water Review major projects register and PPP pipeline — compiled from procurer publications, development-bank project pages and trade reporting; each record names its source.
- EWEC, four proposals received for the Saadiyat Island plant, 30 July 2024.
- Abu Dhabi Department of Economic Development, in-country value programme, frequently asked questions.
- Kaufmann & Kraay, Worldwide Governance Indicators (World Bank), 2025 update: political-stability and regulatory-quality scores, 0–100, shown in the market snapshot. worldbank.org/wgi.
- EWEC, invitation for expressions of interest, Abu Dhabi Islands reverse osmosis, 20 September 2022.
- Department of Energy, Abu Dhabi, tariffs and charges.
Numbered references are linked from the superscript markers in the text. Figures without a marker come from the sources above as compiled in the site methodology.
Sources and notes
The six firms appearing most often on tracked awards in United Arab Emirates (10 firms appear on two or more). For a PPP, BOT, BOO or independent water, power or sewage project the winner counted is the developer or sponsor consortium; for an EPC or works contract it is the contractor. Each consortium member is counted on its own. EPC contractors working for a developer, subcontractors and equipment suppliers are not counted, and a PPP whose developer is not recorded counts for no firm.